Refrigerator

Refrigerator

In order to preserve food, esp. fruits and vegetables, people in olden times, used to prepare pickles or dry them. In the 19^th century some people began to use large boxes filled with blocks of ice, and the first electric fridge was made by Fred. W. wolf in 1913. Although it was very bulky, fridge gained wider acceptance. In 1930 nontoxic synthetic refrigerants were introduced. It is notable that 60% of the house holds in the US owned a refrigerator by the 1930s.

Today, refrigerator comes with many facilities such as chilled water and ice available from an in-door station, so the door need not be opened. It also provides the facility unrelated to refrigeration, such as a television set, radio, or DVD player built into a door.

Washing machine

Clothing had been hand-washed for thousands of years, by flushing water through the material to get rid of loose dirt, rubbing with soap to get rid of oils and stains, and applying fragrances to cover odours.

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A washing machine was made in about 1677 by an Englishman named John Hoskin. Fellow Englishman William Bailey made more efficient version in 1758. By 1900, commercial laundries offered wet wash services, cleaning clothes and returning them for drying and pressing reception.

Recently Processor Stephen Burkinshaw invented the washing machine that uses two cups of the water and leaves clothes almost dry.

The machine uses thousands of reusable plastic chips to get rid of and absorb dirt. According to a team at Leeds University tests have shown the machine can shift virtually all types of everyday stains.

Microwave oven:            

                                                        

The Raytheon Company USA began using microwave oven in 1947 to cook food commercially. In 1946 Dr. Percy LeBaron, an engineer of Raytheon Corporation, was working on magnetrons. One day at work, he had a candy in his pocket, and located that it had melted.

This company produced the first commercial microwave oven in 1954; it was called the 1161 Radarange. It was large, expensive and had an influence of 1600 watts. The first domestic microwave was produced in 1967 by Amana.

The microwave oven made by Hamilton Beach is the first factory manufactured English and Spanish talking 900 watt microwave. A knob guides you to set the cooking time.

Air conditioning

The story behind air conditioning actually begins, believe it or not, thousands of years ago in Persia. Wind shafts were placed strategically on rooftops, which would catch the wind, pass it through cold water, and below it into the building.

The first person to discover that certain gases could be used to chill air was a 19^th century British inventor, Michael Faraday. In 1902 a mechanical engineer by the name of willis Haviland Carrier invented an electrical system to control temperature and humidity for manufacturing.

Willis Haviland Carrier

Willis haviland carrier

Born : 26 November, 1876

Father of Air Conditioning

In 1902 the primary modern electrical air con was invented by Willis Haviland Carrier. Only one year after Willis Haviland Carrier graduated from university with a Masters in Engineering, the first air (temperature and humidity) conditioning was operational , making one Brooklyn printing plant owner very happy Fluctuations in heat and humidity in his plant had caused the dimensions of the printing paper to remain altering slightly, enough to form sure a misalignment of the coloured inks. The new aircon machine created a stable environment and aligned four-color printing became possible. All thanks to the new employee at the Buffalo Forge Company, who started on a salary of only $1000 per week.

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In 1911, Willis Haviland Carrier disclosed his basic Rational Psychrometric Formulae to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The formula still stands today as the basic in all fundamental as the basic in all fundamental calculations for the air conditioning industry. Carrier said he received his “flash of genius” while expecting a train. By the time the train arrived, Carrier had an understanding of the connection between temperature, humidity and temperature.

In 1921, Willis Haviland Carrier patented the centrifugal refrigeration machine. The ‘centrifugal chiller’ was the primary practical method of air con large spaces. Previous refrigeration machines used reciprocating-campressors (piston driven) to pump refrigerant (often toxic and flammable ammonia) throughout the system. Carrier designed a centrifugal compressor almost like the centrifugal turning blades of a pump. The results was a safer and more efficient chiller.

In 1928, Wills Haviland Carrier developed the first residential ‘weathermaker’, an airconditioner for private home use. The Great Depression then WW2 slowed the non-industrial use of air con . After the war, consumer sales began to grow again. The rest is history, cool and comfortable his tory.

Television

The Word “television” means transmitting images of a moving scene from the scene to a different place. A simple television needs a tv camera at the scene, how of transmitting the pictures , and a television where the pictures appear. A television camera takes 25 or 30 electronic photographs of a scene every second and creates an electric signal that represents the colours in the frames.

Small-Screen TV

Small TV

The world’s smallest television receiver is developed by British inventor Clive Sinclair. It features a tiny screen less than five centimeters across and is designed for travelers who never want to miss a programme. The set was recharable batteries but can also be powered by electricity. The small black-and-white picture is best viewed from a distance of half a meter (one and a half feet), and is quite clear in area with good reception. Perhaps the set’s most impressive feature is that it is compatible with television broadcasts all over the world.

John Logie Baird

John logie baird

Born : 13 August, 1888

He invented television technology.

John Logie Baird was a Scottish engineer, who is best referred to as the inventor of the primary working electromechanical television . His degree course was interrupted by war I and he never graduated.
Although the event of television was the results of labor by many inventors including Baird, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow and Boris Rosing, Baird is one of its foremost pioneers. Hastings, in East Sussex , UK, claims to be the ‘Birthplace of Television’ because it had been there he was living for health reasons when he did much of his research work.

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In 1928 he demonstrated the primary color television and true stereoscopic television. In 1932 he was the primary to demonstrate ultra-short wave transmission. In 1941 he demonstrated a 600 line HDTV colour system, and through 1944 he tried to influence British authorities to adopt his 1000+ line Telechrome electronic colour system because the new post-war broadcast standard. He also demonstrated a big screen television system at the London, Berlin, Paris and Stockholm.

Baird died in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, in 1946 after suffering a stroke in February of that year.

High-definition television arrives

TV station WFAA of Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, is the first to broadcast high-definition television (HDTV) to a mass audience. Although the new HDTV receivers are high-prices, many people are already enthusiastic about the new service, which gives a picture that is crisper and clearer than anything they have been before. This is because the signal is digital and the pixels that make up the screen image are smaller, closer together and greater in number than on ordinary TV sets. There is digital sound, which is as clear as sound from an audio compact disc-with the bonus of up to five channels-for a movie-quality, surround effect.

Kodak Disc Camera

Camera-makers are always looking for ways to make their products easier to use. Kodak Disc Camera, Which does away with the need to fiddle with rolls of film. Instead of a roll, the film comes on a disc with 15 segments – one frame of film is on each segment. Loading is simple : You just drop the disc into the back of the camera. As you do so, the camera  reads a code on the back of the disc that tells it the film speed, so that it can set its exposure meter correctly. When you take a picture, the camera’s built-in motor winds to the next frame, so that you are always ready to take a shot.

Who invented the dishwasher?

For ten years, Mrs W.A. Cockran tried to persuade her husband to give her some money to develop a dishwashing machine she had invented, but he always refused. After his death, friends lent her some money and the machine was built in 1889. The dishwasher could reportedly wash, rinse and dry dishes of various shapes and size in just two minutes. The water was sprayed on to the dishes by a pump which was activated by turning a handle.